1. **Direct Contact**: Dogs can contract parvovirus through direct contact with an infected dog. This can happen during play, sniffing, or even just being in close proximity to an infected dog.
2. **Fecal-Oral Route**: The most common way parvovirus spreads is through contact with the feces of an infected dog. The virus is shed in large amounts in the feces of infected dogs, and other dogs can become infected by ingesting contaminated fecal matter, even if they don't directly come into contact with it.
3. **Contaminated Environments**: Parvovirus can survive in the environment for long periods (up to several months) and can be found in contaminated surfaces, such as kennels, yards, or parks. Dogs can get infected by walking on contaminated surfaces and then licking their paws or fur.
4. **Human Assistance**: Humans can inadvertently spread the virus by carrying it on their shoes, clothes, or hands after coming into contact with an infected dog or contaminated surfaces.
5. **Shared Objects**: Bowls, toys, and bedding that have been used by an infected dog can also transmit the virus. It’s important to disinfect any items that may have come into contact with an infected dog.
Preventive measures include ensuring that puppies receive their vaccinations on schedule, avoiding contact with unvaccinated dogs, and practicing good hygiene by cleaning and disinfecting areas where dogs play or stay. If you suspect your dog has been exposed to parvovirus, consult your veterinarian immediately for advice and potential testing.
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