1. **Choking**: If your dog is choking, determine if they can still breathe or cough. If they can't, perform the Heimlich maneuver for dogs:
- For small dogs, hold them with their back against your chest and give a few firm thrusts just below the ribcage.
- For larger dogs, stand behind them, place your arms around their waist, and give thrusts inward and slightly upward.
2. **Bleeding**: If your dog is bleeding, apply direct pressure with a clean cloth or bandage. If the bleeding doesn’t stop, elevate the area if possible and seek veterinary help. If a limb is bleeding severely, you may need to apply a tourniquet above the injury, but this should only be a temporary measure until you can get to a vet.
3. **Burns**: For burns, cool the area with running water for at least 10 minutes. Do not apply ice directly. Cover the burn with a clean, non-stick bandage and seek veterinary care.
4. **Poisoning**: If you suspect your dog has ingested something toxic, call your vet or the ASPCA Poison Control hotline immediately. Do not induce vomiting unless instructed by a professional. Common household items like chocolate, grapes, and certain plants can be harmful.
5. **Seizures**: If your dog has a seizure, keep them safe by moving objects away from them, but do not try to hold them down or put anything in their mouth. Note the duration of the seizure and contact your vet afterward.
6. **Heatstroke**: Signs of heatstroke include excessive panting, drooling, and lethargy. Move your dog to a cooler area, apply cool (not cold) water to their body, and offer them water. Seek veterinary help immediately, as heatstroke can be life-threatening.
7. **Fractures**: If you suspect a fracture, keep your dog as still as possible and avoid moving the injured limb. Use a makeshift splint if necessary and get to the vet as soon as you can.
Always keep a pet first aid kit handy, including items like gauze, adhesive tape, antiseptic wipes, tweezers, and a muzzle (in case your dog is in pain and may bite). It’s also beneficial to take a pet first aid class to be prepared for emergencies. Remember, these tips are not a substitute for professional veterinary advice, so when in doubt, always consult your veterinarian.
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