Canine influenza, also known as dog flu, is primarily caused by two strains of the influenza virus: H3N8 and H3N2. These strains are highly contagious among dogs and can lead to respiratory illness. The virus spreads through respiratory secretions, such as when an infected dog coughs or sneezes, and can also be transmitted via contaminated surfaces, food bowls, and human hands.

1. **Direct Contact**: When dogs come into close contact with an infected dog, they can easily contract the virus. This is common in places where dogs gather, such as dog parks, grooming facilities, or boarding kennels.

2. **Environmental Factors**: The influenza virus can survive on surfaces for several hours, making it possible for dogs to get infected from shared items like toys or bedding. This is why it's important to maintain cleanliness in areas where multiple dogs interact.

3. **Airborne Transmission**: The virus can be aerosolized and spread through the air, particularly in enclosed spaces. If an infected dog coughs or sneezes, the virus can linger in the air and be inhaled by other dogs nearby.

4. **Human Interaction**: Humans can unknowingly carry the virus on their hands or clothes after coming into contact with an infected dog. This is why hand washing and avoiding contact with dogs showing symptoms of illness is crucial.

5. **Seasonal Factors**: Canine influenza outbreaks often occur during specific seasons, similar to human flu, due to increased interactions among dogs during holidays or during colder months when more dogs are indoors.

Preventative measures include vaccination, keeping your dog away from sick dogs, and maintaining good hygiene practices. If you suspect your dog has been exposed to canine influenza, it's important to consult a veterinarian for advice and possible testing.

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Topics covered in this question:

Dog Health Dog Care Canine Influenza Viral Infections Dog Flu