1. **Drop It**: Start with a toy or object your dog likes. Hold it out for your dog to take in their mouth. Say 'drop it' in a firm but gentle tone. As soon as they release the object, reward them with a treat and praise. Repeat this until they consistently drop the item on command.
2. **Leave It**: Place a treat in your closed fist. Let your dog sniff and paw at it. Say 'leave it' and wait for them to stop trying to get the treat. The moment they back off, reward them with a different treat. Practice this with various items and gradually increase the difficulty.
Remember to be patient and consistent. Use positive reinforcement with treats, praise, and play. Avoid punishment as it can confuse and stress your dog. With practice, your dog will learn to respond to 'drop it' and 'leave it' reliably.
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